Here are the most common mathematical HTML 4.0 special characters from the UTF-8 Character Set. We've also included the Greek alphebet since they are used in mathematical equations so frequently.
In order to be specify the UTF-8 Character set, you will need to ensure that the following line appears in the head section of every web page.
Name |
Symb |
Decimal |
Hex Code |
Description |
ISO |
ƒ |
ƒ |
ƒ |
U+0192 |
Latin small f with hook = function = florin |
ISOtech |
• |
• |
• |
U+2022 |
bullet = black small circle |
ISOpub |
… |
… |
… |
U+2026 |
horizontal ellipsis = three dot leader |
ISOpub |
′ |
′ |
′ |
U+2032 |
prime = minutes = feet |
ISOtech |
″ |
″ |
″ |
U+2033 |
double prime = seconds = inches |
ISOtech |
‾ |
‾ |
‾ |
U+203E |
overline = spacing overscore |
New |
⁄ |
⁄ |
⁄ |
U+2044 |
fraction slash |
New |
℘ |
℘ |
℘ |
U+2118 |
script capital P = power set = Weierstrass p |
ISOamso |
ℑ |
ℑ |
ℑ |
U+2111 |
blackletter capital I = imaginary part |
ISOamso |
ℜ |
ℜ |
ℜ |
U+211C |
blackletter capital R = real part symbol |
ISOamso |
™ |
™ |
™ |
U+2122 |
trade mark sign |
ISOnum |
ℵ |
ℵ |
ℵ |
U+2135 |
alef symbol = first transfinite cardinal |
New |
← |
← |
← |
U+2190 |
leftwards arrow |
ISOnum |
↑ |
↑ |
↑ |
U+2191 |
upwards arrow |
ISOnum |
→ |
→ |
→ |
U+2192 |
rightwards arrow |
ISOnum |
↓ |
↓ |
↓ |
U+2193 |
downwards arrow |
ISOnum |
↔ |
↔ |
↔ |
U+2194 |
left right arrow |
ISOamsa |
↵ |
↵ |
↵ |
U+21B5 |
downwards arrow with corner leftwards = carriage return |
New |
⇐ |
⇐ |
⇐ |
U+21D0 |
leftwards double arrow |
ISOtech |
⇑ |
⇑ |
⇑ |
U+21D1 |
upwards double arrow |
ISOamsa |
⇒ |
⇒ |
⇒ |
U+21D2 |
rightwards double arrow |
ISOtech |
⇓ |
⇓ |
⇓ |
U+21D3 |
downwards double arrow |
ISOamsa |
⇔ |
⇔ |
⇔ |
U+21D4 |
left right double arrow |
ISOamsa |
∀ |
∀ |
∀ |
U+2200 |
for all |
ISOtech |
∂ |
∂ |
∂ |
U+2202 |
partial differential |
ISOtech |
∃ |
∃ |
∃ |
U+2203 |
there exists |
ISOtech |
∅ |
∅ |
∅ |
U+2205 |
empty set = null set = diameter |
ISOamso |
∇ |
∇ |
∇ |
U+2207 |
nabla = backward difference |
ISOtech |
∈ |
∈ |
∈ |
U+2208 |
element of |
ISOtech |
∉ |
∉ |
∉ |
U+2209 |
not an element of |
ISOtech |
∋ |
∋ |
∋ |
U+220B |
contains as member |
ISOtech |
∏ |
∏ |
∏ |
U+220F |
n-ary product = product sign |
ISOamsb |
∑ |
∑ |
∑ |
U+2211 |
n-ary sumation |
ISOamsb |
− |
− |
− |
U+2212 |
minus sign |
ISOtech |
∗ |
∗ |
∗ |
U+2217 |
asterisk operator |
ISOtech |
√ |
√ |
√ |
U+221A |
square root = radical sign |
ISOtech |
∝ |
∝ |
∝ |
U+221D |
proportional to |
ISOtech |
∞ |
∞ |
∞ |
U+221E |
infinity |
ISOtech |
∠ |
∠ |
∠ |
U+2220 |
angle |
ISOamso |
∧ |
∧ |
∧ |
U+2227 |
logical and = wedge |
ISOtech |
∨ |
∨ |
∨ |
U+2228 |
logical or = vee |
ISOtech |
∩ |
∩ |
∩ |
U+2229 |
intersection = cap |
ISOtech |
∪ |
∪ |
∪ |
U+222A |
union = cup |
ISOtech |
∫ |
∫ |
∫ |
U+222B |
integral |
ISOtech |
∴ |
∴ |
∴ |
U+2234 |
therefore |
ISOtech |
∼ |
∼ |
∼ |
U+223C |
tilde operator = varies with = similar to |
ISOtech |
≅ |
≅ |
≅ |
U+2245 |
approximately equal to |
ISOtech |
≈ |
≈ |
≈ |
U+2248 |
almost equal to = asymptotic to |
ISOamsr |
≠ |
≠ |
≠ |
U+2260 |
not equal to |
ISOtech |
≡ |
≡ |
≡ |
U+2261 |
identical to |
ISOtech |
≤ |
≤ |
≤ |
U+2264 |
less-than or equal to |
ISOtech |
≥ |
≥ |
≥ |
U+2265 |
greater-than or equal to |
ISOtech |
⊂ |
⊂ |
⊂ |
U+2282 |
subset of |
ISOtech |
⊃ |
⊃ |
⊃ |
U+2283 |
superset of |
ISOtech |
⊄ |
⊄ |
⊄ |
U+2284 |
not a subset of |
ISOamsn |
⊆ |
⊆ |
⊆ |
U+2286 |
subset of or equal to |
ISOtech |
⊇ |
⊇ |
⊇ |
U+2287 |
superset of or equal to |
ISOtech |
⊕ |
⊕ |
⊕ |
U+2295 |
circled plus = direct sum |
ISOamsb |
⊗ |
⊗ |
⊗ |
U+2297 |
circled times = vector product |
ISOamsb |
⊥ |
⊥ |
⊥ |
U+22A5 |
up tack = orthogonal to = perpendicular |
ISOtech |
⋅ |
⋅ |
⋅ |
U+22C5 |
dot operator |
ISOamsb |
⌈ |
⌈ |
⌈ |
U+2308 |
left ceiling = apl upstile |
ISOamsc |
⌉ |
⌉ |
⌉ |
U+2309 |
right ceiling |
ISOamsc |
⌊ |
⌊ |
⌊ |
U+230A |
left floor = apl downstile |
ISOamsc |
⌋ |
⌋ |
⌋ |
U+230B |
right floor |
ISOamsc |
⟨ |
〈 |
〈 |
U+2329 |
left-pointing angle bracket = bra |
ISOtech |
⟩ |
〉 |
〉 |
U+232A |
right-pointing angle bracket = ket |
ISOtech |
◊ |
◊ |
◊ |
U+25CA |
lozenge |
ISOpub |
♠ |
♠ |
♠ |
U+2660 |
black spade suit |
ISOpub |
♣ |
♣ |
♣ |
U+2663 |
black club suit = shamrock |
ISOpub |
♥ |
♥ |
♥ |
U+2665 |
black heart suit = valentine |
ISOpub |
♦ |
♦ |
♦ |
U+2666 |
black diamond suit |
ISOpub |
Α |
Α |
Α |
U+0391 |
Greek capital letter alpha |
|
Β |
Β |
Β |
U+0392 |
Greek capital letter beta |
|
Γ |
Γ |
Γ |
U+0393 |
Greek capital letter gamma |
ISOgrk3 |
Δ |
Δ |
Δ |
U+0394 |
Greek capital letter delta |
ISOgrk3 |
Ε |
Ε |
Ε |
U+0395 |
Greek capital letter epsilon |
|
Ζ |
Ζ |
Ζ |
U+0396 |
Greek capital letter zeta |
|
Η |
Η |
Η |
U+0397 |
Greek capital letter eta |
|
Θ |
Θ |
Θ |
U+0398 |
Greek capital letter theta |
ISOgrk3 |
Ι |
Ι |
Ι |
U+0399 |
Greek capital letter iota |
|
Κ |
Κ |
Κ |
U+039A |
Greek capital letter kappa |
|
Λ |
Λ |
Λ |
U+039B |
Greek capital letter lambda |
ISOgrk3 |
Μ |
Μ |
Μ |
U+039C |
Greek capital letter mu |
|
Ν |
Ν |
Ν |
U+039D |
Greek capital letter nu |
|
Ξ |
Ξ |
Ξ |
U+039E |
Greek capital letter xi |
ISOgrk3 |
Ο |
Ο |
Ο |
U+039F |
Greek capital letter omicron |
|
Π |
Π |
Π |
U+03A0 |
Greek capital letter pi |
ISOgrk3 |
Ρ |
Ρ |
Ρ |
U+03A1 |
Greek capital letter rho |
|
Σ |
Σ |
Σ |
U+03A3 |
Greek capital letter sigma |
ISOgrk3 |
Τ |
Τ |
Τ |
U+03A4 |
Greek capital letter tau |
|
Υ |
Υ |
Υ |
U+03A5 |
Greek capital letter upsilon |
ISOgrk3 |
Φ |
Φ |
Φ |
U+03A6 |
Greek capital letter phi |
ISOgrk3 |
Χ |
Χ |
Χ |
U+03A7 |
Greek capital letter chi |
|
Ψ |
Ψ |
Ψ |
U+03A8 |
Greek capital letter psi |
ISOgrk3 |
Ω |
Ω |
Ω |
U+03A9 |
Greek capital letter omega |
ISOgrk3 |
α |
α |
α |
U+03B1 |
Greek small letter alpha |
ISOgrk3 |
β |
β |
β |
U+03B2 |
Greek small letter beta |
ISOgrk3 |
γ |
γ |
γ |
U+03B3 |
Greek small letter gamma |
ISOgrk3 |
δ |
δ |
δ |
U+03B4 |
Greek small letter delta |
ISOgrk3 |
ε |
ε |
ε |
U+03B5 |
Greek small letter epsilon |
ISOgrk3 |
ζ |
ζ |
ζ |
U+03B6 |
Greek small letter zeta |
ISOgrk3 |
η |
η |
η |
U+03B7 |
Greek small letter eta |
ISOgrk3 |
θ |
θ |
θ |
U+03B8 |
Greek small letter theta |
ISOgrk3 |
ι |
ι |
ι |
U+03B9 |
Greek small letter iota |
ISOgrk3 |
κ |
κ |
κ |
U+03BA |
Greek small letter kappa |
ISOgrk3 |
λ |
λ |
λ |
U+03BB |
Greek small letter lambda |
ISOgrk3 |
μ |
μ |
μ |
U+03BC |
Greek small letter mu |
ISOgrk3 |
ν |
ν |
ν |
U+03BD |
Greek small letter nu |
ISOgrk3 |
ξ |
ξ |
ξ |
U+03BE |
Greek small letter xi |
ISOgrk3 |
ο |
ο |
ο |
U+03BF |
Greek small letter omicron |
New |
π |
π |
π |
U+03C0 |
Greek small letter pi |
ISOgrk3 |
ρ |
ρ |
ρ |
U+03C1 |
Greek small letter rho |
ISOgrk3 |
ς |
ς |
ς |
U+03C2 |
Greek small letter final sigma |
ISOgrk3 |
σ |
σ |
σ |
U+03C3 |
Greek small letter sigma |
ISOgrk3 |
τ |
τ |
τ |
U+03C4 |
Greek small letter tau |
ISOgrk3 |
υ |
υ |
υ |
U+03C5 |
Greek small letter upsilon |
ISOgrk3 |
φ |
φ |
φ |
U+03C6 |
Greek small letter phi |
ISOgrk3 |
χ |
χ |
χ |
U+03C7 |
Greek small letter chi |
ISOgrk3 |
ψ |
ψ |
ψ |
U+03C8 |
Greek small letter psi |
ISOgrk3 |
ω |
ω |
ω |
U+03C9 |
Greek small letter omega |
ISOgrk3 |
ϑ |
ϑ |
ϑ |
U+03D1 |
Greek small letter theta symbol |
New |
ϒ |
ϒ |
ϒ |
U+03D2 |
Greek upsilon with hook symbol |
New |
ϖ |
ϖ |
ϖ |
U+03D6 |
Greek pi symbol |
ISOgrk3 |